第33卷 古代与现代著名航海与旅行记(哈佛经典50部英文版).pdf
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1、 第第 33 卷卷 古代与现代著名航海古代与现代著名航海与旅行记与旅行记 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 33 卷 古代与现代著名航海与旅行记 2/412 总目录总目录 第第 1 卷卷 富兰克林自传富兰克林自传 第第 2 卷卷 柏拉图对话录:辩解篇、菲多柏拉图对话录:辩解篇、菲多篇、克利多篇篇、克利多篇 第第 3 卷卷 培根论说文集及新阿特兰蒂斯培根论说文集及新阿特兰蒂斯 第第 4 卷卷 约翰米尔顿英文诗全集约翰米尔顿英文诗全集 第第 5 卷卷 爱默生文集爱默生文集 第第 6 卷卷 伯恩斯诗歌集伯恩斯诗歌集 第第 7 卷卷 圣奥古斯丁忏悔录圣奥古斯丁忏悔录
2、 第第 8 卷卷 希腊戏剧希腊戏剧 第第 9 卷卷 论友谊、论老年及书信集论友谊、论老年及书信集 第第 10 卷卷 国富论国富论 第第 11 卷卷 物种起源论物种起源论 第第 12 卷卷 普卢塔克比较列传普卢塔克比较列传 第第 13 卷卷 伊尼亚德伊尼亚德 第第 14 卷卷 唐吉坷德唐吉坷德 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 33 卷 古代与现代著名航海与旅行记 3/412 第第 15 卷卷 天路历程天路历程 第第 16 卷卷 天方夜谭天方夜谭 第第 17 卷卷 民间传说与预言民间传说与预言 第第 18 卷卷 英国现代戏剧英国现代戏剧 第第 19 卷卷 浮士
3、德浮士德 第第 20 卷卷 神曲神曲 第第 21 卷卷 许婚的爱人许婚的爱人 第第 22 卷卷 奥德赛奥德赛 第第 23 卷卷 两年水手生涯两年水手生涯 第第 24 卷卷 伯克文集伯克文集 第第 25 卷卷 穆勒文集穆勒文集 第第 26 卷卷 欧洲大陆戏剧欧洲大陆戏剧 第第 27 卷卷 英国名家随笔英国名家随笔 第第 28 卷卷 英国与美国名家随笔英国与美国名家随笔 第第 29 卷卷 比格尔号上的旅行比格尔号上的旅行 第第 30 卷卷 科学论文集:物理学、化学、科学论文集:物理学、化学、天文学、地质学天文学、地质学 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 33 卷
4、 古代与现代著名航海与旅行记 4/412 第第 31 卷卷 切利尼自传切利尼自传 第第 32 卷卷 文学和哲学名家随笔文学和哲学名家随笔 第第33卷卷 古代与现代著名航海与旅行记古代与现代著名航海与旅行记 第第 34 卷卷 法国和英国著名哲学家法国和英国著名哲学家 第第 35 卷卷 见闻与传奇见闻与传奇 第第 36 卷卷 君王论君王论 第第 37 卷卷 17、18 世纪英国著名哲学家世纪英国著名哲学家 第第 38 卷卷 物理学、医学、外科学和地质物理学、医学、外科学和地质学学 第第 39 卷卷 著名之前言和序言著名之前言和序言 第第 40 卷卷 英文诗集(卷)从乔叟到格英文诗集(卷)从乔叟到格
5、雷雷 第第 41 卷卷 英文诗集(卷)从科林斯到英文诗集(卷)从科林斯到费兹杰拉德费兹杰拉德 第第 42 卷卷 英文诗集(卷)从丁尼生到英文诗集(卷)从丁尼生到惠特曼惠特曼 第第 43 卷卷 10001904 第第 44 卷卷 圣书圣书(卷一卷一):孔子孔子 希伯来书希伯来书 基基百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 33 卷 古代与现代著名航海与旅行记 5/412 督圣经督圣经()第第 45 卷卷 圣书圣书(卷二卷二)基督圣经基督圣经()第第 46 卷卷 伊丽莎白时期戏剧(卷)伊丽莎白时期戏剧(卷)第第 47 卷卷 伊丽莎白时期戏剧(卷)伊丽莎白时期戏剧(卷)
6、第第 48 卷卷 帕斯卡文集帕斯卡文集 第第 49 卷卷 史诗与传说史诗与传说 第第 50 卷卷 哈佛经典讲座哈佛经典讲座 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 33 卷 古代与现代著名航海与旅行记 6/412 第第 33 卷卷 古代与现代著名航海与旅行记古代与现代著名航海与旅行记 INTRODUCTORY NOTE HERODOTUS was born at Halicarnassus,on the southwest coast of Asia Minor,in the early part of the fifth century,B.C.Of his l
7、ife we know almost nothing,except that he spent much of it traveling,to collect the material for his writings,and that he finally settled down at Thurii,in southern Italy,where his great work was composed.He died in 424 B.C.The subject of the history of Herodotus is the struggle between the Greeks a
8、nd the barbarians,which he brings down to the battle of Mycale in 479 B.C.The work,as we have it,is divided into nine books,named after the nine Muses,but this division is probably due to the Alexandrine grammarians.His information he gathered mainly from oral sources,as he traveled through Asia Min
9、or,down into Egypt,round the Black Sea,and into various parts of Greece and the neighboring countries.The chronological narrative halts from time to time to give opportunity for descriptions of the country,the people,and their customs and previous history;and the political account is constantly vari
10、ed by rare tales and wonders.Among these descriptions of countries the most fascinating to the modern,as it was to the ancient,reader is his account of the marvels of the land of Egypt.From the priests at Memphis,Heliopolis,and the Egyptian Thebes he learned what he reports of the size of the countr
11、y,the wonders of the Nile,the ceremonies of their religion,the sacredness of their animals.He tells also of the strange ways of the crocodile and of that marvelous bird,the Phenix;of dress and funerals and embalming;of the eating of lotos and papyrus;of the pyramids and the great labyrinth;of their
12、kings and queens and courtesans.Yet Herodotus is not a mere teller of strange tales.However 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 33 卷 古代与现代著名航海与旅行记 7/412 credulous he may appear to a modern judgment,he takes care to keep separate what he knows by his own observation from what he has merely inferred an
13、d from what he has been told.He is candid about acknowledging ignorance,and when versions differ he gives both.Thus the modern scientific historian,with other means of corroboration,can sometimes learn from Herodotus more than Herodotus himself knew.There is abundant evidence,too,that Herodotus had
14、a philosophy of history.The unity which marks his work is due not only to the strong Greek national feeling running through it,the feeling that rises to a height in such passages as the descriptions of the battles of Marathon,Thermopyl,and Salamis,but also to his profound belief in Fate and in Nemes
15、is.To his belief in Fate is due the frequent quoting of oracles and their fulfilment,the frequent references to things foreordained by Providence.The working of Nemesis he finds in the disasters that befall men and nations whose towering prosperity awakens the jealousy of the gods.The final overthro
16、w of the Persians,which forms his main theme,is only one specially conspicuous example of the operation of this force from which human life can never free itself.But,above all,he is the father of story-tellers.“Herodotus is such simple and delightful reading,”says Jevons;“he is so unaffected and ent
17、ertaining,his story flows so naturally and with such ease that we have a difficulty in bearing in mind that,over and above the hard writing which goes to make easy reading,there is a perpetual marvel in the work of Herodotus.It is the first artistic work in prose that Greek literature produced.This
18、prose work,which for pure literary merit no subsequent work has surpassed,than which later generations,after using the pen for centuries,have produced no prose more easy or more readable,this was the first of histories and of literary prose.”AN ACCOUNT OF EGYPT BY HERODOTUS 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard C
19、lassics 第 33 卷 古代与现代著名航海与旅行记 8/412 BEING THE SECOND BOOK OF HIS HISTORIES CALLED EUTERPE WHEN Cyrus had brought his life to an end,Cambyses received the royal power in succession,being the son of Cyrus and of Cassandan the daughter of Pharnaspes,for whose death,which came about before his own,Cyrus
20、had made great mourning himself and also had proclaimed to all those over whom he bore rule that they should make mourning for her:Cambyses,I say,being the son of this woman and of Cyrus,regarded the Ionians and Aiolians as slaves inherited from his father;and he proceeded to march an army against E
21、gypt,taking with him as helpers not only the other nations of which he was ruler,but also those of the Hellenes over whom he had power besides.Now the Egyptians,before the time when Psammetichos became king over them,were wont to suppose that they had come into being first of all men;but since the t
22、ime when Psammetichos having become king desired to know what men had come into being first,they suppose that the Phrygians came into being before themselves,but they themselves before all other men.Now Psammetichos,when he was not able by inquiry to find out any means of knowing who had come into b
23、eing first of all men,contrived a device of the following kind:Taking two new-born children belonging to persons of the common sort he gave them to a shepherd to bring up at the place where his flocks were,with a manner of bringing up such as I shall say,charging him namely that no man should utter
24、any word in their presence,and that they should be placed by themselves in a room where none might come,and at the proper time he should bring to them she-goats,and when he had satisfied them with milk he should do for them whatever else was needed.These things Psammetichos did and gave him this cha
25、rge wishing to hear what word the children would let break forth first,after they had ceased from wailings without sense.And accordingly so it came to pass;for after a 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 33 卷 古代与现代著名航海与旅行记 9/412 space of two years had gone by,during which the shepherd went on acting
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