第32卷 文学和哲学名家随笔(哈佛经典50部英文版).pdf
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1、 第第 32 卷卷 文学和哲学名家随笔文学和哲学名家随笔 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 32 卷 文学和哲学名家随笔 2/436 总目录总目录 第第 1 卷卷 富兰克林自传富兰克林自传 第第 2 卷卷 柏拉图对话录:辩解篇、菲多柏拉图对话录:辩解篇、菲多篇、克利多篇篇、克利多篇 第第 3 卷卷 培根论说文集及新阿特兰蒂斯培根论说文集及新阿特兰蒂斯 第第 4 卷卷 约翰米尔顿英文诗全集约翰米尔顿英文诗全集 第第 5 卷卷 爱默生文集爱默生文集 第第 6 卷卷 伯恩斯诗歌集伯恩斯诗歌集 第第 7 卷卷 圣奥古斯丁忏悔录圣奥古斯丁忏悔录 第第 8 卷卷 希腊戏
2、剧希腊戏剧 第第 9 卷卷 论友谊、论老年及书信集论友谊、论老年及书信集 第第 10 卷卷 国富论国富论 第第 11 卷卷 物种起源论物种起源论 第第 12 卷卷 普卢塔克比较列传普卢塔克比较列传 第第 13 卷卷 伊尼亚德伊尼亚德 第第 14 卷卷 唐吉坷德唐吉坷德 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 32 卷 文学和哲学名家随笔 3/436 第第 15 卷卷 天路历程天路历程 第第 16 卷卷 天方夜谭天方夜谭 第第 17 卷卷 民间传说与预言民间传说与预言 第第 18 卷卷 英国现代戏剧英国现代戏剧 第第 19 卷卷 浮士德浮士德 第第 20 卷卷 神曲
3、神曲 第第 21 卷卷 许婚的爱人许婚的爱人 第第 22 卷卷 奥德赛奥德赛 第第 23 卷卷 两年水手生涯两年水手生涯 第第 24 卷卷 伯克文集伯克文集 第第 25 卷卷 穆勒文集穆勒文集 第第 26 卷卷 欧洲大陆戏剧欧洲大陆戏剧 第第 27 卷卷 英国名家随笔英国名家随笔 第第 28 卷卷 英国与美国名家随笔英国与美国名家随笔 第第 29 卷卷 比格尔号上的旅行比格尔号上的旅行 第第 30 卷卷 科学论文集:物理学、化学、科学论文集:物理学、化学、天文学、地质学天文学、地质学 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 32 卷 文学和哲学名家随笔 4/436
4、 第第 31 卷卷 切利尼自传切利尼自传 第第 32 卷卷 文学和哲学名家随笔文学和哲学名家随笔 第第33卷卷 古代与现代著名航海与旅行记古代与现代著名航海与旅行记 第第 34 卷卷 法国和英国著名哲学家法国和英国著名哲学家 第第 35 卷卷 见闻与传奇见闻与传奇 第第 36 卷卷 君王论君王论 第第 37 卷卷 17、18 世纪英国著名哲学家世纪英国著名哲学家 第第 38 卷卷 物理学、医学、外科学和地质物理学、医学、外科学和地质学学 第第 39 卷卷 著名之前言和序言著名之前言和序言 第第 40 卷卷 英文诗集(卷)从乔叟到格英文诗集(卷)从乔叟到格雷雷 第第 41 卷卷 英文诗集(卷)从
5、科林斯到英文诗集(卷)从科林斯到费兹杰拉德费兹杰拉德 第第 42 卷卷 英文诗集(卷)从丁尼生到英文诗集(卷)从丁尼生到惠特曼惠特曼 第第 43 卷卷 10001904 第第 44 卷卷 圣书圣书(卷一卷一):孔子孔子 希伯来书希伯来书 基基百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 32 卷 文学和哲学名家随笔 5/436 督圣经督圣经()第第 45 卷卷 圣书圣书(卷二卷二)基督圣经基督圣经()第第 46 卷卷 伊丽莎白时期戏剧(卷)伊丽莎白时期戏剧(卷)第第 47 卷卷 伊丽莎白时期戏剧(卷)伊丽莎白时期戏剧(卷)第第 48 卷卷 帕斯卡文集帕斯卡文集 第第 4
6、9 卷卷 史诗与传说史诗与传说 第第 50 卷卷 哈佛经典讲座哈佛经典讲座 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 32 卷 文学和哲学名家随笔 6/436 第第 32 卷卷 文学和哲学名家随笔文学和哲学名家随笔 INTRODUCTORY NOTE MICHEL EYQUEM DE MONTAIGNE,the founder of the modern Essay,was born February 28,1533,at the chteau of Montaigne in Prigord.He came of a family of wealthy mercha
7、nts of Bordeaux,and was educated at the Collge de Guyenne,where he had among his teachers the great Scottish Latinist,George Buchanan.Later he studied law,and held various public offices;but at the age of thirty-eight he retired to his estates,where he lived apart from the civil wars of the time,and
8、 devoted himself to study and thought.While he was travelling in Germany and Italy,in 1580-81,he was elected mayor of Bordeaux,and this office he filled for four years.He married in 1565,and had six daughters,only one of whom grew up.The first two books of his“Essays”appeared in 1580;the third in 15
9、88;and four years later he died.These are the main external facts of Montaignes life;of the man himself the portrait is to be found in his book.“It is myself I portray,”he declares;and there is nowhere in literature a volume of self-revelation surpassing his in charm and candor.He is frankly egotist
10、ical,yet modest and unpretentious;profoundly wise,yet constantly protesting his ignorance;learned,yet careless,forgetful,and inconsistent.His themes are as wide and varied as his observation of human life,and he has written the finest eulogy of friendship the world has known.Bacon,who knew his book
11、and borrowed from it,wrote on the same subject;and the contrast of the essays is the true reflection of the contrast between the personalities of their authors.Shortly after Montaignes death the“Essays”were translated into English by John Florio,with less than exact accuracy,but in a style so full o
12、f the flavor of the age that we still read Montaigne in the version which 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 32 卷 文学和哲学名家随笔 7/436 Shakespeare knew.The group of examples here printed exhibits the author in a variety of moods,easy,serious,and in the essay on“Friendship,”as nearly impassioned as his ph
13、ilosophy ever allowed him to become.THE AUTHOR TO THE READER Reader,loe here a well-meaning Booke.It doth at the first entrance forewarne thee,that in contriving the same I have proposed unto my selfe no other than a familiar and private end:I have no respect or consideration at all,either to thy se
14、rvice,or to my glory:my forces are not capable of any such desseigne.I have vowed the same to the particular commodity of my kinsfolks and friends:to the end,that losing me(which they are likely to doe ere long),they may therein find some lineaments of my conditions and humours,and by that meanes re
15、serve more whole,and more lively foster the knowledge and acquaintance they have had of me.Had my intention beene to forestal and purchase the worlds opinion and favour,I would surely have adorned myselfe more quaintly,or kept a more grave and solemne march.I desire therein to be delineated in mine
16、owne genuine,simple and ordinary fashion,without contention,art or study;for it is myselfe I pourtray.My imperfections shall therein be read to the life,and my naturall forme discerned,so farre-forth as public reverence hath permitted me.For if my fortune had beene to have lived among those nations
17、which yet are said to live under the sweet liberty of Natures first and uncorrupted lawes,I assure thee,I would most willingly have pourtrayed myselfe fully and naked.Thus,gentle Reader,myselfe am the groundworke of my book:it is then no reason thou shouldest employ thy time about so frivolous and v
18、aine a subject.Therefore farewell.From MONTAIGNE,The First of March,1580.THAT WE SHOULD NOT JUDGE OF OUR HAPPINESSE UNTILL AFTER OUR DEATH 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 32 卷 文学和哲学名家随笔 8/436 scilicet ultima semper Expectanda dies homini est,dicique beatus Ante obitum nemo,supremaque funera debet
19、.注 1 We must expect of man the latest day,Nor ere he die,hes happie,can we say.THE very children are acquainted with the storie of Croesus to this purpose:who being taken by Cyrus,and by him condemned to die,upon the point of his execution,cried out aloud:“Oh Solon,Solon!”which words of his,being re
20、ported to Cyrus,who inquiring what he meant by them,told him,hee now at his owne cost verified the advertisement Solon had before times given him;which was,that no man,what cheerful and blandishing countenance soever fortune shewed them,may rightly deeme himselfe happie,till such time as he have pas
21、sed the last day of his life,by reason of the uncertaintie and vicissitude of humane things,which by a very light motive,and slight occasion,are often changed from one to another cleane contrary state and degree.And therefore Agesilaus answered one that counted the King of Persia happy,because being
22、 very young,he had gotten the garland of so mightie and great a dominion:“yea but said he,Priam at the same age was not unhappy.”Of the Kings of Macedon that succeeded Alexander the Great,some were afterward seene to become Joyners and Scriveners at Rome:and of Tyrants of Sicilie,Schoolemasters at C
23、orinth.One that had conquered halfe the world,and been Emperour over so many Armies,became an humble and miserable suter to the rascally officers of a king of gypte:At so high a rate did that great Pompey purchase the irkesome prolonging of his life but for five or six months.And in our fathers daie
24、s,Lodowicke Sforze,tenth Duke of Millane,under whom the State of Italie had so long beene turmoiled and shaken,was seene to die a wretched prisoner at Loches in France,but not till he had lived and lingered ten yeares in thraldom,which was the worst of his bargaine.The fairest Queene,wife to the gre
25、atest King of 百年哈佛 50 部经典 英文版 Harvard Classics 第 32 卷 文学和哲学名家随笔 9/436 Christendome,was she not lately seene to die by the hands of an executioner?Oh unworthie and barbarous crueltie!And a thousand such examples.For,it seemeth that as the sea-billowes and surging waves,rage and storme against the sur
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