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1、目录第1章词汇语法技巧指南1.1考核要求和出题形式1.2词汇语法考点归纳1.3答题技巧与备考建议第2章词汇语法高分特训1100题2.1单项选择填空名词及名词词组动词及动词词组形容词、副词及词组介词及介词词组语法2.2单项选择替换名词及名词词组动词及动词词组形容词、副词及词组介词及介词词组第1章词汇语法技巧指南“二外英语”是全国各院校日语、法语、德语、俄语等外国语专业(不含英语)研究生入学考试科目,考生第二外语为英语。一般来说,“二外英语”总分为100分,考试时间为3小时。1.1考核要求和出题形式1. 二外英语词汇语法部分考核要求对于“二外英语”,全国各大院校自主命题,而且各院校的考核要求水平也
2、有差异,所以没有相应的考试大纲来说明其考核要求。通过分析各大院校的二外英语历年试题,可看出二外英语大致相当于大学公共英语四、六级水平,而且,二外英语历年试题中有些是出自四、六级考试的真题,有些是出自英语专业四级考试真题(大致相当于公共英语六级水平),还有些是出自考研英语真题,虽然比重不大,但从此可看出目前高校对考生二外英语的大体要求,下面根据大学英语四、六级考试大纲以及非英语专业本科生大学英语课程教学要求,对“二外英语”的词汇语法部分考核要求归纳如下:词汇方面,要求掌握4000基本常用词汇,了解词形、语义、常用的搭配、同义词、反义词等。语法方面,掌握主谓一致关系、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和
3、状语从句等句型、直接引语和间接引语的用法、动词不定式和分词的用法、各种时态、主动语态、被动语态和强调、倒装、平行结构等。2. 试题类型和出题形式(1)词汇题词汇题的考核内容较为广泛,包括对名词、形容词、动词、冠词等多种词性、各种短语及固定搭配结构的判断和理解,其中包括对同义词、近义词、反义词的辨认与区分等;根据上下文对词和词组意义的判断等。出题形式主要有以下几种: 题目为一个留有空白的英文句子,要求考生从所给的四个选项选出最恰当的词或词组。如:Most people are not yet aware that water is a precious resource that must be
4、_.A. conservedB. enrichedC. preservedD. reserved 要求对单句中划有底横线的词进行替换选择,即从所给出的四个选择项中选出一个最佳替换词。如:The little boy had had a long day, he was feeling drowsy.A. lazyB. exhaustedC. sleepyD. sad(2)语法题语法题测试的重点包括时态、语态、语气、非谓语动词形式、强调、倒装、平行结构等。出题形式主要有以下几种: 题目为一个留有空白的英文句子,要求考生从时态、句型等语法角度,从所给的四个选项中选出可用在句中的最恰当的词、词组或句
5、子。如:_ a little earlier this morning! I missed the school bus by only a minuteand had to wait in the cold for nearly an hour!A. If I had got upB. If only I get upC. If only I had got upD. If I got up 要求在句子的空白处填入正确的介词、副词等,使句子完整。如:Some scientists believe that language has a great impact _ peoplesthinki
6、ng.1.2词汇语法考点归纳通过对各高校“二外英语”词汇语法部分分析研究,我们对词汇语法的常考点进行归纳。一、语法“二外英语”常考语法点有:虚拟语气、非谓语动词、动词时态语态、定语从句、情态动词、比较句型、倒装句、强调句型、状语从句。(一)虚拟语气的用法A. 条件从句类(1)if引导的从句类(2)混合虚拟条件类混合时态的虚拟指的是主句和从句分别表示两个时态,动词形式依照上述三种形式进行相应的变化。如:If you had done your homework, you would not be criticized by yourteacher now.(3)含蓄虚拟条件类含蓄虚拟语气是指假设
7、条件不通过if从句表达,而是暗含在其他结构中。考生应熟悉: 连词but,but that,or,or else;副词otherwise,unfortunately等表示转折假设。如:A safety analysis would have identified the target as a potential danger.Unfortunately, it was never done. 介词短语暗含假设条件,常用的有:without,but for,under morefavorable conditions等。如:But for the English examination I wo
8、uld have gone to the concert lastSunday. intended/meant/hoped/wished或was/were+不定式完成式或hadintended/meant/planned/hoped/wished+不定式一般式暗示虚拟语气。如:I intended to have called on you, but I was busy at that time. 情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气。如:I should have called to make an airline reservation, but I didnt.B. 从句中的(should) d
9、o句型类(1)动词suggest,propose,ask,command,demand,require,urge,order,recommend,insist,prefer等后加that引导的宾语从句中使用should do句型。(suggest,recommend和insist分别当“表明”“推荐”和“坚持认为”讲时不用虚拟语气。)如:In the past men generally preferred that their wives work in the home.(2)由上述动词派生来的名词后加that引导的同位语从句或表语从句中用should do句型。如: He agreed
10、with my suggestion that we should change the date. (同位语从句) His command is that work on the building should cease. (表语从句)(3)当上述动词的过去分词及下列形容词strange,important,necessary,essential,urgent,natural,unusual,advisable,desirable,vital等用于句型It is .that中时,that引导的从句中用should do句型。如:They keep telling us it is of u
11、tmost importance that our representative besent to the conference on schedule.C. 固定句型类以下所列单词或短语后所引出的从句,如果是现在的情况,要用一般过去时;如果是过去的情况,要用过去完成时。(1) It is about/high time(that)“是时间了”如:It is high time that we handed in the homework. 现在是我们该交作业的时候了。(2) would rather“宁愿”如:Mary would rather she had not broken the
12、 window. 玛丽真希望她自己没有打破这个窗户。(3) wish“希望”如:We wish that he could be with us tomorrow. 但愿他明天和我们在一起。(对将来的虚拟)I wish they were at home this time. 我希望现在他们能在家。(对现在的虚拟)I wish I hadnt hurt him so much. 我真希望我没伤害他这么深。(对过去的虚拟)(4) If only“要是就好了”例如:If only I were twenty years old. 我要是二十岁就好了。(5) as if/though“仿佛,好像”如
13、:They were sitting there as if nothing had happened. 他们只是坐在那里就像什么事都没发生过。例:_ before we leave the day after tomorrow, we should have awonderful time together.A. Had they arrivedB. Would they arriveC. Were they arrivingD. Were they to arrive更多各类考试资料 v:344647 公众号:顺通考试资料 D【答案】省略if的条件的虚拟语气。此句为if引导的虚拟语气从句,
14、省略if时从句要倒装。当表示对未来事情的虚拟时,从句用should/were to动词原形,主句用would/should动词原形。【解析】(二)非谓语动词的用法非谓语动词的各种用法是考研英语考试中对语法项目要求中非常重要的一项,它包括三种形式:不定式(infinitive),动名词和分词。非谓语动词之所以得名,是因为它不能独立作谓语,不受主语的人称和数的限制,但仍然具有动词的某些特征,在句中可充当主语、宾语、定语、状语及补语等。1. 不定式不定式在句中可担任除谓语以外的所有成分,即主语、宾语、宾补、表语、定语和状语。1) 作主语如果作主语的不定式较长而谓语较短时,常用it作形式主语。To f
15、inish the work within three days is impossible.It is impossible to finish the work within three days.2) 作宾语和宾补We have decided to leave next week.She called me to go back home at once. 有些动词只能以不定式作宾语,主要有:afford,agree,arrange,ask,attempt,beg,care,choose,claim,dare,decide,determine,expect,fail,hope,inte
16、nd,learn,manage,mean,need,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seek,tend,volunteer,want,wish等。I cannot afford to buy such an expensive car. 不定式作宾语其后又接宾补时,常用it作形式宾语,而将不定式放到宾补后面。I found it impossible to get everything ready in time. 不带 to 的不定式:在 let,make,have,see,hear,listen to,lookat,feel,observ
17、e,watch,notice 等动词后,作宾补的不定式不带to。但是,在被动语态中,不定式要带to(此时不定式作主补)。He made his son read the text loudly.His son was made to read the text loudly.2. 动名词动名词主要起名词作用,可在句中作主语、宾语和表语,也可作介词宾语。1) 作主语在“It is no use (good) doing.”句型中,常用it作形式主语,而将作主语用的动名词短语放在后面。如:It is no good leaving todays work for tomorrow.2) 作宾语 有
18、些动词只能以动名词作宾语,常见的有:admit,avoid,consider,deny,enjoy,endure,fancy,finish,forbid,imagine,mind,miss,permit,postpone,practice,require,risk,stop,suggest等。如:The hostess would certainly enjoy receiving the item as a gift. 有些动词短语也要求动名词作宾语,常见的有:cant help,feellike,give up,keep on,object to,put off等。如:I couldnt
19、help wondering what this was all about.3) 动名词的逻辑主语动名词的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。动名词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时,应有自己的逻辑主语,其形式是:人称代词或名词的所有格+动名词。如:He was annoyed at my interrupting him.4) 动名词的完成形式和被动形式 动名词的完成形式:having+过去分词,表示动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前。如:He regretted not having taken the doctors advice. 动名词的被动形式:being+过去分词,表示动名词的动作与其逻辑主语的关
20、系是被动的。如:They were afraid of being rejected because of their condition.5) 动名词与不定式作宾语的区别有些动词既可以动名词又可以不定式作宾语,且意思差别不大,但有些动词以动名词或不定式作宾语时,意思有较大差别。如: remember to do 记得要做(某事)/ remember doing 记得曾做过(某事) forget to do 忘记要做(某事)/ forget doing 忘记曾做过(某事) go on to do (做完某事后)继续做(另一事)/ go on doing 继续做(某事) regret to do
21、 对要做(某事)感到遗憾 / regret doing 对已做过(某事)感到后悔 need to do 需要做(某事)/ need doing 需要(被动)3. 分词分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词表示主动、进行的意义;过去分词表示被动、完成的意义。如:boiling water (water which isboiling),沸水;boiled water (water which has been boiled),开水。分词主要起形容词和副词作用,在句中作表语、定语、宾补(主补)和状语等。1) 作定语分词作定语时与被修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓意义。分词短语作定语时,置于被修饰的词之后。如
22、:Most of the computers are small machines sitting on (= which sit on) thedesks.There are all sorts of computers connected to (= which are connected to) theInternet.2) 作宾补(主补)宾语与宾补有逻辑上的主谓意义。常以分词作宾补的动词有:catch,have,keep,get,see,hear,find,feel,leave,make,want,start,notice,observe,watch,set等。如:The police
23、man caught the young man stealing from the shop.Libraries often have computers connected to the Internet for members of thepublic to use.3) 作状语 表示时间,多置于句首,注意如果分词表示的动作的时间先于谓语动词,要用完成式。如:Having completed one task, we started on another one. (complete先于start之前发生) 表示原因,置于句首句尾均可,根据情况有时要用完成式,有时用一般式。如:There
24、 seemed little hope that the explorer, having been deserted in thetropical forest, would find his way through it. 表示伴随、方式,置于句尾,用分词的一般式。如:Helen borrowed my dictionary the other day saying that she wouldreturn it soon.Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely lost to the outsideworld. 表示
25、结果,置于句尾。如:European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popularsport in the world. 表示补充说明(同位),置于句尾,用分词的一般式。如:The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports, eachmaking one major point in contrast with the other. 表示条件如:Weather permitting, well go to the Great Wal
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