《专业英语》课件Unit_20.pptx
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1、Unit20Risk Analysis of the International Construction ProjectTextThe structural design of the reinforced concrete elements was done by consulting engineers Knight Piesold(KP).Quantity surveying services were provided by Hawkins,Leshnick&Bath(HLB).The contract was awarded to Central African Building
2、Corporation(CABCO)who was also responsible for the provision of a specialist roof structure using patented“gang nail”roof trusses.The building construction proceeded to completion and was handed over to the owners on Sept.12,1991.The SAZ took effective occupation of the headquarters building without
3、 a certificate of occupation.Also,the defects liability period was only three months.The roof structure was in place 10 years before partial failure in December 1999.The building insurance coverage did not cover enough,the City of Harare,a government municipality,issued the certificate of occupation
4、 10 years after occupation,and after partial collapse of the roof.At first the SAZ decided to go to arbitration,but this failed to yield an immediate solution.The SAZ then decided to proceed to litigate in court and to bring a negligence claim against CABCO.The preparation for arbitration was reused
5、 for litigation.The SAZs quantified losses stood at approximately$6 million in Zimbabwe dollars(US$1.2m).TextAfter all parties had examined the facts and evidence before them,it became clear that there was a great probability that the courts might rule that both the architects and the contractor wer
6、e liable.It was at this stage that the defendants lawyers requested that the matter be settled out of court 1 The plaintiff agreed to this suggestion,with the terms of the settlement kept confidential2.The aim of this critical analysis was to analyze the issues surrounding the partial collapse of th
7、e roof of the building housing the HQ of Standard Association of Zimbabwe.It examined the prior roles played by the project management function and construction professionals in preventing/mitigating potential construction problems.It further assessed the extent to which the employer/client and part
8、ies to a construction contract are able to recover damages under that contract3.The main objective of this critical analysis was to identify an effective risk management strategy for future construction projects.The importance of this study is its multidimensional examination approach.Experience sug
9、gests that participants in a project are well able to identify risks based on their own experience.The adoption of a risk management approach,based solely in past experience and dependant on judgment,may work reasonably well in a stable low risk environment4.It is unlikely to be effective where ther
10、e is a change.TextThis is because change requires the extrapolation of past experience,which could be misleading.All construction projects are prototypes to some extent and imply change.Change in the construction industry itself suggests that past experience is unlikely to be sufficient on its own.A
11、 structured approach is required.Such a structure can not and must not replace the experience and expertise of the participant.Rather,it brings additional benefits that assist to clarify objectives,identify the nature of the uncertainties,introduces effective communication systems,improves decision-
12、making,introduces effective risk control measures,protects the project objectives and provides knowledge of the risk history5.According to D.Atkinson,whether contractor,consultant or promoter,the right team needs to be assembled with the relevant multidisciplinary experience of that particular type
13、of project and its location.This is said to be necessary not only to allow alternative responses to be explored.But also to ensure that the right questions are asked and the major risks identified.Heads of sources of risk are said to be a convenient way of providing a structure for identifying risks
14、 to completion of a participants part of the project.Effective risk management is said to require a multidisciplinary approach.Inevitably risk management requires examination of engineering,legal and insurance related solutions.TextIt is stated that the use of analytical techniques based on a statis
15、tical approach could be of enormous use in decision making.Many of these techniques are said to be relevant to estimation of the consequences of risk events,and not how allocation of risk is to be achieved.In addition,at the present stage of the development of risk management,Atkinson states that it
16、 must be recognized that major decisions will be made that can not be based solely on mathematical analysis.The complexity of construction projects means that the project definition in terms of both physical form and organizational structure will be based on consideration of only a relatively small
17、number of risks.This is said to then allow a general structured approach that can be applied to any construction project to increase the awareness of participants.The new,simplified Construction Design and Management Regulations(CDM Regulations)which came in to force in the UK in April 2007,revised
18、and brought together the existing CDM 1994 and the Construction Health Safety and Welfare(CHSW)Regulations 1996,into a single regulatory package6.The new CDM regulations offer an opportunity for a step change in health and safety performance and are used to reemphasize the health,safety and broader
19、business benefits of a well-managed and coordinated approach to the management of health and safety in construction.TextI believe that the development of these skills is imperative to provide the client with the most effective services available,delivering the best value project possible.Constructio
20、n Management at Risk(CM at Risk),similar to established private sector methods of construction contracting,is gaining popularity in the public sector.It is a process that allows a client to select a construction manager(CM)based on qualifications;make the CM a member of a collaborative project team;
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